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Core Concepts

Core Concepts​

API Data Model​

The i3X API is built around four primary concepts:

Namespaces​

Namespaces provide organizational groupings for types and object type definitions. Each namespace has:

  • uri: A unique namespace URI identifier
  • displayName: A human-readable name

Note: Object instances exist in the server's implicit address space and are not scoped to a namespace directly. Namespaces are a property of types, not instances.

ObjectTypes​

ObjectTypes define the schema for objects. They are based on OPC UA Information Models and include:

  • elementId: Unique type identifier
  • displayName: Human-readable name
  • namespaceUri: The namespace this type belongs to
  • sourceTypeId: Identifier of this type within its source namespace (e.g., an OPC UA BrowseName or NodeId), used to correlate back to the originating definition
  • version: Semantic version string (optional, recommended)
  • schema: JSON Schema definition describing the type's structure
  • related: Optional related type metadata

A schema with "type": "object" defines a branch type with a structured value; a scalar schema type ("number", "integer", "string", "boolean") defines a leaf type whose instances return a bare scalar value. Clients should use schema.type to decide how to render an object. When an instance's type cannot be determined, servers register an UnknownType placeholder (schema {"type": "object"}) and reference it via typeElementId.

Objects​

Objects are instances of ObjectTypes representing actual manufacturing equipment, data points, or other elements:

  • elementId: Unique object identifier
  • displayName: Human-readable name
  • typeElementId: The ObjectType this object is an instance of
  • parentId: Parent object in the hierarchy (null for root objects)
  • isComposition: Whether this object encapsulates child component objects
  • isExtended: Whether this object carries attributes beyond its type schema (default: false)
  • metadata: Full relationship and metadata (included only when includeMetadata=true)

RelationshipTypes​

RelationshipTypes define how objects can be connected to each other. Every relationship type must define its inverse:

  • elementId: Unique relationship type identifier
  • displayName: Human-readable name
  • namespaceUri: The namespace this relationship type belongs to
  • relationshipId: Identifier of this relationship type within its source namespace
  • reverseOf: The elementId of the inverse relationship (required — all relationships are bidirectional)

Contextualized Data​

The API provides access to data that has been:

  • Properly structured according to information models
  • Tagged with appropriate metadata
  • Organized within hierarchical relationships
  • (Optionally) related with graph relationships
  • Timestamped and quality-assured

Value-Quality-Timestamp (VQT)​

All data values in i3X are represented as VQT structures:

{
  "value": 75.5,
  "quality": "Good",
  "timestamp": "2025-01-15T12:00:00Z"
}

The four quality states are:

  • Good — Value is reliable
  • GoodNoData — No data available, but this is not an error condition
  • Bad — Value is unreliable
  • Uncertain — Value reliability is unknown

When value is null, quality must be Bad or GoodNoData.

Server Capabilities​

Before making requests, clients should call GET /info (no authentication required) to discover what the server supports:

{
  "specVersion": "1.0",
  "serverVersion": "2.3.1",
  "serverName": "My Platform",
  "capabilities": {
    "query": { "history": true },
    "update": { "current": true, "history": false },
    "subscribe": { "stream": true }
  }
}

Not all servers implement every optional feature. Check capabilities before calling history, update, or subscribe endpoints.